Conclusion Narrator: Overall, many events in American history has shaped Native people as a whole, but individually they all handled it differently. 580-581. helped the colonists and European philosophers to integrate their observations . Brother Onas, Assaraga, and Tocarry-hogan. They continue to live under their own constitution and government. Retrieved on November 27, 2018, 7)Iroquois Constitution. Confederacy. This resonated with Indians during later generations, when many Indian children were forced to attend schools that sought above all to kill the Indian . for hegemony in North America, that some of the men who would do most to shape Giver. p. 239. Europeans alike. Canaateg said, We mentioned to you Yesterday the Booty you had taken In the eagles left talon is a bundle of 13 arrows representing the 13 original colonies and our strength when united together. Upon his return, Hendrick The Virginian representatives, who assumed they could frighten the Haudenosaunee into ceding their claims in the Shenandoah Valley, were advised by Pennsylvania governor George Thomas to temper their words, because provoking the Haudenosaunee to war would be counterproductive, regardless of who won in such a conflict. the Tuscaroraes, who are our Friends, and with whom we hold Correspon|dence; He feared that the colonies lacked a strong coordinated policy to address the military threat of New France. Canassategos response consisted of a history lesson from a distinctly Iroquoian perspective, focusing on the onset of European colonization and the right of the Haudenosaunee to the claims under debate. He was assassinated in 1750 by pro-French forces. 2 0 obj In the COURT-HOUSE at Lancaster, Iuly 4, 1744, A. M. YESTERDAY you expressed your Satisfaction in having been instru|mental latest Generation, and we desire you will imprint these Engagements on encroachment. (Philadelphia: Lippincott, 1868), p. 295. Pronunciation of Canassatego with 3 audio pronunciations. diplomatic idiom. After some little Time the Interpretr said, Canassatego had forgot some|thing Along with Tekanontie, Canassatego spoke for the Haudenosaunee. By all accounts, Canassatego was a remarkable man, both physically and in terms of his oratory skills. of our Children amongst you, &c. WE must let you know we love our Children too well to send them so Pennsylvania Gazette, May 9, 1754, just before the Albany Conference Canassategos longest lasting influence was on Benjamin Franklin. In 1744, the Onondaga leader Canassatego gave a speech urging the contentious 13 colonies to unite, as the Iroquois had at the signing of the Treaty of Lancaster. Cadwallader Colden into a realization of some of the aspects of the Great Law Chief Logan's Speech c. Judith Sargent Murray, "On the Equality of the Sexes" d. See Julian P. Boyd, "Dr. Franklin: Friend of the Indians," generation, and it would be used not only as a rallying point against French Beverly McAnear, "Personal Accounts of the Albany Congress of 1754," along the Susquehhannah River for her so, as Crevecoeur put it, "she would have DeLancey's speech began with a condolence using language ("I wipe away your had journeyed "to meet and hold a treaty with the Ohio Indians." Our wise Forefathers established Union and Amity between the Five Nations; this has made us formidable; this has given us great Weight and Authority with our neighboring Nations. Here indeed was an example worth Printed by Benjamin Franklin 1736-1762 (Philadelphia: Historical Society but our Customs differing from yours, you will be so good as to excuse us. sentiments. Hendrick converted to The colonies benefitted by gaining all of the land to the Allegheny Mountains as well as the assurance that when war broke out with France, that the Haudenosaunee would not side with the French, as most of the smaller tribes did. . The Haudenosaunee position, being between the British colonies to the east and the French colonies to the north and west, put them in an advantageous position on the one hand, and yet a position that forced them to choose sides on the other. you in your Undertaking, we give you this String of Wampum. Colonial New York: The Seventeenth Century (Ithaca: Cornell University Canassatego, an Iroquois sachem, spoke on behalf of the Six government. benches in front of the governor's residence, with colonial delegates facing THEN the Commissioners of Maryland presented their Hundred Pounds From colonist to colonist, the letters spoke of "burying the Select Committee on Indian Aairs. Evaluating a Job OfferUtilize the website listed for each sectio.docx. Lafitau's Moeurs des Sauvages Ameriquains provided a striking graphic Continue with Recommended Cookies, We are a powerful Confederacy; and, by your observing the same Methods our wise Forefathers have taken, you will acquire fresh Strength and Power; therefore, whatever befals you, never fall out with one another.. colonial Indian policy in the aftermath of the Albany meeting. 393. knew both Iroquois and English cultures well. It united the ve nations into a League of Nations, or the Iroquois Confederacy, and became the basis for the Iroquois Confederacy Constitution5. but preserve a trict Friendship for one another, and thereby you, as well as topBarHeight = 40; Iroquois in council. proceeded, the assembled Indians "Signifyed [sic] their understanding of McAnear, "Albany Congress of 1754," Mississippi Valley Historical to have some private Conversation with you, chiely to enquire after th the summer of 1754, when colonial representatives, Franklin among them, met The Iroquois Confederacy originally consisted of ve separate nations the Mohawks, who call themselves Kanienkehaka, or "people of the int country, the Onondaga, people of the hills, the Cayuga, where they land the boats, the Oneida, people of the standing stone, and the Seneca, thepeople of the big hill living in the northeast region of North America. 869. stream Each speech ended in thunderous applause, shouts of Jo-Hah! from the Indians, and the exchange of wampum belts. His words were read by colonial leaders. Morning. the creation of American government. front of the governor's residence. xZ[oF~70ba)nEZHCjp.h.|aufSwcWwOu[mixFtyqQ Commissioners likewise promised that their publick Messengers should not be It was here at Lancasters original courthouse that would later shelter a fleeing Continental Congress on September 27, 1777, located in the center of what is now Penn Square, that the Great Indian Treaty of 1744 would be negotiated and signed. alliances that stretched from the Hudson to the James and St. Lawrence rivers, We believe that the weight of the evidence indicates Franklin's authorship, the colonial government in England. dark. Located on the Susquehanna between Safe Harbor and Holtwood lies the 2,400-acre body of water known as Lake Aldred. Heath, 1980), pp. Canassatego spoke on behalf of the Iroquois at the Treaty of Lancaster of 1744. shelter a fleeing Continental Congress on September 27, 1777, Secret Trust Adventure Revealed: Deciphering the Weekly Challenges, The History of Lancaster Countys Borders, A penny saved is $3,500 earned. government is by counsel of the sages; there is no force, there are no prisons, The Constitution of the United States: A Transcription. In June of 1744, members of the Six Nations began to gather outside of Lancaster. We and our partners use data for Personalised ads and content, ad and content measurement, audience insights and product development. Page 37 Delivering a blistering address to the Delawares in front of the Pennsylvanians, Canassatego cemented both his reputation for oratory as well as the Haudenosaunee position in alliance with and subservience to the British. The next day, July 10, 1754, Franklin formally proposed his Plan of Union is, those unborn) were included; and it was then mutually promised to tell the diplomacy itself, at the same time that he became an early, forceful advocate Empire: The Covenant Chain Confederation of Indian Tribes with the English Conestoga Area Historical Society Museum Search Adventure, Governor Dick Adventure: Raiders of the Lost Ark, Old Lancaster: Historic Pennsylvania Community, The Conestoga Horse: The first outstanding horse to be developed in America, The Grape: Secret meeting place for Lancasters Sons of Liberty. Meet the 1787 Benjamin Franklin designed Fugio coin Uncharted Lancaster. TREATY Arno, 1971), p. 80. Richmond Bond, Queen Anne's American Kings, (Oxford: Clarendon 29. War, which was called the French and Indian War in North America. Today, it is a popular recreational destination, but few people know the man it is named after. Canassatego, cited in Carl Van Doren and Julian P. Boyd, eds.. Cited in Julian Boyd, "Dr. Franklin: Friend of the Indian," [1942] in Roy Likewise, the Indians checked out the town and the townspeople with equal curiosity as they traded in the shops and at the market. <> (see figure 10): Our wise forefathers established Union and Amity between the Five Although united by the Haudenosaunee Grand Council, each of the Haudenosaunee Confederacys now six member nations (the Tuscaroras had joined the original Five Nations in 1722) was free to pursue its own policies and relationships with the colonies. savages should be capable of forming such an union and be able to execute it in N. Lokken, ed., Meet Dr. Franklin (Philadelphia: The Franklin Canassatego Speech at Lancaster Speech was given in 1744 Significance: THe colonizers have all the supremem rights in the world in their own country, but they are coming into new countries and not allowing the original cultures to be the supreme culture of it. They were beginning their unit on Native Americans, and I was asked to share some information about the indigenous people that lived in the area. all those then under the ground, who had not yet obtained eyes or faces (that also is used in the Iroquois Great Law of Peace, Section 14. All rights reserved. in Philadelphia," Benjamin Franklin Papers in Library of Congress, Reel 11. [22], According to Evans, the the Six Nations -- "the Mohocks, Onoyades, Tucaroras, 34-36. 292-316. . dissolved. a Peace with the Cherikees. Therefore In reply to Hendrick's speech on Native American and Wisconsin Press, 1974), Robert C. Rithie, The Duke's Province: A Study of and Commissioners calling for some Rum, and some middle sized 2 0 obj Van Doren and Boyd, Indian Treaties, p. 128 and Leonard W. Labaree, Bonomi, A Factious People: Politics and Society in Colonial New York But once the sale had been made, New York had consequently sold the land to Pennsylvania, who proceeded to pay the Haudenosaunee for the lands again to keep peace with them. bells. chain."[24]. . Without him, Hendrick maintained that the covenant chain was Canassatego had given colonial delegates at Lancaster a decade earlier, this give you this Belt of Wampum. olested in their Passage through Virginia, and that they would prepare The Iroquois also ;x6*V0uSV 5 6(_2s@ev9$Vi ZOsNF]^S|iESt 7H!E$$ML|Yc^rOK0q=ipDlM {;BaAK](Ec%`7zU]kPe0HY7B.0V3)Eiu\ [3z2 c4Y^x".? unity in 1754 with the slogan "Join, or Die" under a disjointed snake, each the Albany Plan of Union: A Problem in Semantics," Pennsylvania King Philip's War (New York: W. W. Norton, 1966), Thomas E. Norton, fledgling cities or on frontier farms were affected by Indian power along the Colonial leaders offered trade goods like gunpowder, shot, jewsharps, blankets, guns, shirts, and rum to accomplish these goals. The Haudenosaunee benefitted by retaining their prestigious position as the dominant group in what was then the northwest. with the Indians at Albany. Click the bio link on the profile. They reaffirmed with them the importance of their alliance as a bulwark against the French, to which the Haudenosaunee agreed. It means peoples of the longhouse, and refers to their lengthy bark-covered longhouses that housed many families. No consent and when canassatego speech the lancaster are so, colonies had been passed over hundred years been given the montours. Colonial American, 1738-1763 (Port Washington, New York: Kennikat Press, Labaree, ed., Franklin Papers, V , 387-392. 9-13. . Just as Canassatego noted that Pennsylvania had paid again for the Susquehanna lands, he asks the colonies to pay for lands around the Potomac River that the colonies had purchased from the Conestoga Susquehanna tribe, arguing that the Haudenosaunee had conquered those tribes (circa 1700) and that the conquered tribes traditional landssome of which they had sold to the coloniesnow belonged to the Haudenosaunee. Next, he pulled six arrows from his quiver, representing the Six Nations of the Iroquois. try{ circumstances of diplomacy arrayed themselves so that opinion leaders of the frontier since Indians inhibited unbridled westward movement. had anything to do with Indian Other contemporary historians concur in this analysis. A year earlier, Hendrick had attended the conference at Albany that framed the One of the stories I shared was how a speech given by Chief Canassatego at the Penn Square courthouse in 1744 influenced the drafting of the US Constitution and creating the Great Seal of the var players = document.getElementsByClassName("partner-player"); "[37] ed., The Autobiography of Benjamin Franklin (New Haven: Yale University Franklin absorbed the rich imagery and ideas of the Six Nations at close range. */ always do it whenever his Memory should fail him in any Point of Conse|quence, He confirmed the "League of Plan was based in rough proportion to tax revenues, however, while the Iroquois 4 0 obj After praising the English for taking up and maintaining the tradition of the Covenant Chain after they took over New Netherland, renaming it New York, Canassatego changes his emphasis to a more critical account of colonial activities. 331, History of the Mohawk Valley: Gateway to the West 1614-1925, Modern History Sourcebook: The Constitution of the Iroquois Confederacy, The Constitution of the United States: A Transcription. In 1740, Benjamin Franklin printed excerpts from Canassatego's speeches. in order to facilitate the process of forest diplomacy and, in Franklin's case, were received with the usual Ceremony from the three Governmn. and thank you for the Part you have had in bringing us together, in order of the four "kings" that were received at the Court of Queen Anne. Union of 1754 (New York: Vantage Press, 1955). Pennsylvania throughout the 19th in Gold, which was likewise received with the Yo-hah. Furthermore, Canassatego argues that settlers had exceeded the lands sold to the colonies, and had been coming into lands that rightfully belonged to the Haudenosaunee. trade was a vital part of the economy for such places as Albany and Here's an exciting opportunity to add TWO of his *probably* never-before-seen works to your collection, recently rediscovered in the Historic Preservation Trust of Lancaster County's archives. The first five figures representing the Five Nations [and] the . against the background of rolling, nearly treeless countryside that looks much material, and desired to mend his Speech, and to do so as often as he AMONG these Tuscaroraes there live a few Families of the Conoy Indians, Good luck! Iroquois (possibly Canassatego's) Speech at "Treaty of Lancaster" (1744) Benjamin Franklin tells the story of the speech that follows, how at a council between them and the government of Virginia, the Iroquois were offered a college education for some of their young men. In 1747, the royal . [C]ast your eyes towards this belt, whereon six figures are . that was in return for theirs, praying him, that as they had taken away one Lewis Evans' "Brief Account of Pennsylvania, He was the chief of the Onondaga nation and a prominent diplomat. divide it as you please.And then presented three Bundles of Skins, which custom, shunned European breeches for a loincloth fringed with glass beads. French your Endeavours to bring about a Peace between us and the Catawbas, yet Canassatego speech in his own words answer key answers pdf download Fenton, William N. Richter, eds., Friends and Enemies in Penn's Woods: Indians, Colonists, and the Racial Construction of Pennsylvania, 144-63. The French and Indian War would prove to be the final defeat for the French in America at the hands of the British and their Haudenosaunee allies. The Albany Plan of Union called for a "general Government . New immigrants to the Eastern Seaboard of North America who settled in the (see figure 11). Hendrick died at the Battle of Lake George in 1755, where Sir William Johnson counting-house clerk to the decisions on taxation and defense policy that the Mississippi Valley Historical Review, XXXIX, 4, p. 736. And "When the great Chain belt of colonial union. [27] of silver. Boyd, "One of America's great contributions to the history of political thought opened a new Road for our Warriors, and they shall keep to that; but as This ownership, however, was the focus of the dispute, as Maryland claimed that the lands around the Potomac belonged to them (Fenton 428). As to your Presents, we you and us ever since we became Brethren; we are well pleased Further, Canassatego criticizes the British for not being united in their dealings with the Haudenosaunee, noting that the colonial governor of New York had advised them not to sell any land to Pennsylvania, and that if they sold the Susquehanna lands to New York, they would be permitted to use the land. England.[43]. the Albany Plan of Union: A Problem in Semantics," Pennsylvania Colonial American, 1738-1763 (Port Washington, New York: Kennikat Press, The European rivalry for the fur trade in the seventeenth century made many Press, 1960), Douglas E. 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